Discusses the complexities of modern-day milking facilities. Also illustrates the various standards in today`s communities in regard to the issur of Chalav Akum. Also discussed is the heter of Rav Moshe Feinstein called chalav stam, and the psak of Rav Zvi Pesach Frank (Har Zvi) in regards to powdered milk. Also discusses the various kashering processes in Chalav Akum factories that are employed by the OU, illustrating many specifics in hilchos hagalah and hilchos taaroves.